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he becomes stiff

  • 1 σῶμα

    Grammatical information: n.
    Meaning: `living or dead body' (Il.; in Hom. the meaning `corpse' is necessary or possible; cf. Herter Charites E. Langlotz gewidmet [Berlin 1957] 206ff. w. lit.), `person' (Att. etc.), `slave' (hell. a. late.; on development and spread of the meaning E. Kretschmer Glotta 18, 80 f.); metaph. `totality' (A., Pl., Arist. etc.), `text of a document' (pap.).
    Compounds: Compp., e.g. σωματο-φύλαξ `bodyguard' (hell. a. late); univerbation σωμ-ασκ-ία f. `bodily exercise' (Pl., X. a.o.) from σῶμα ἀσκέω; to this as backformation σω-μασκ-έω `to do bodily exercise' (X., Plb. etc.); τρι-σώματος `three-bodied' (A., E.), late τρί-σωμος `id.' (An. Ox.); on the stemvariation s. Schwyzer 450.
    Derivatives: 1. Dimin. σωμάτ-ιον n. (Pl. Com., Arist. etc.; mostly depreciatory). 2. - ίδιον n. `text of a document' (pap.). 3. - εῖον n. `corporate body, college' ( Cod. Just.). 4. - ικός `bodily' (Arist. etc.), - ινος `id.' (gloss.), - ώδης `bodily' (Arist. a.o.). 5. - όομαι, - όω ( ἐν-, ὑπο-) `to be embodied, to embody' (Arist., Thphr. a.o.) with - ωσις f. (Thphr. a.o.). 6. - ίζω ( δια-, ἐν-) `to edit a text' with - ισμός m. (pap.).
    Origin: XX [etym. unknown]
    Etymology: For `body' the IE languages have several expressions, of which only Lat. corpus a. cogn. (e.g. Skt. kr̥p-) has found a wide use and can claim a high date. A convincing connection for the Greek formation σῶ-μα has not been found. Formally resemble both σω-λήν and σω-ρός; if one connects the last, σῶμα must continue *tu̯ō-mn̥ with a basic meaning `compactness, swelling' (since Froehde BB 14, 108). Other proposals, all for diff. reasons doubtable or uncertain: from *σῶπ-μα to σήπομαι, σαπρός (Wackernagel KZ 30, 298f. = Kl. Schr. 1, 661 f.); to ἐπί-σσωτρον (Schwyzer 523; asking); from *[s]ti̯ō-mn̥ "what becomes stiff" to Skt. styā- `flow, get stiff' (Thieme KZ 78, 114 A. 4); to σίνομαι (abl. sō[i]-: sī-) as `object of σίνεσθαι' (Koller Glotta 37, 276 ff.; agreeing Harrison The Phoenix 14, 64). -- Cf. σωρός; also W.-Hofmann s. tōmentum.
    Page in Frisk: 2,842-843

    Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > σῶμα

  • 2 ξηραίνω

    ξηραίνω (ξηρός) fut. ξηρανῶ LXX; 1 aor. ἐξήρανα. Pass.: fut. 3 sg. ξηρανθήσεται LXX; 1 aor. ἐξηράνθην; pf. ἐξήραμμαι, ptc. ἐξηραμμένος (Hom. et al.; pap, LXX, En, TestSol; TestLevi 4:1; ParJer 19:17; 4 Esdr 8:23 [Fgm. c]; Joseph.)
    ① to stop a flow (such as sap or other liquid) in someth. and so cause dryness, to dry, dry up
    ⓐ act. dry, dry out τὶ someth. (Thu. 1, 109, 4; schol. on Nicander, Ther. 831 ξηραίνει τὸ δένδρον; PGM 13, 27 ξήρανον [viz. τὰ ἄνθη]; Is 42:15; Jer 28:36; Just., D. 107, 3) of the sun τὸν χόρτον Js 1:11.
    ⓑ pass. in act. sense become dry, dry up, wither of trees (POxy 53, 10; Jo 1:12) Mt 21:19f; Mk 11:20f. Of plants without good roots Mt 13:6; Mk 4:6; Lk 8:6.—1 Pt 1:24 (Is 40:7). A vine-branch when cut off J 15:6. Gener. of plants Hs 9, 21, 1; 3. Of water (Gen 8:7; 3 Km 17:7; Is 19:5f ποταμός; En 101:7; Jos., Bell. 5, 409 πηγή; TestLevi 4:1) of a river: dry up Rv 16:12. Of a flow of blood εὐθὺς ἐξηράνθη ἡ πηγὴ τοῦ αἵματος αὐτῆς her hemorrhage stopped at once Mk 5:29.
    ② to become dry to the point of being immobilized, be paralyzed, pass. in act. sense, fig. ext. of 1. As plants are killed by drought, so the human body is damaged by certain harmful things (Hippocr., π. τῶν ἐντὸς παθῶν 22 vol. VII 222 L.—PUps 8, 4 καταξηρανθήτω τὸ σῶμα ἐν κλίνοις=may her body dry up on the sickbed) ἄνθρωπος ἐξηραμμένην ἔχων τ. χεῖρα a man with a withered hand (i.e., one incapable of motion; cp. 3 Km 13:4) Mk 3:1, 3 v.l. Likew. the whole body of a boy who was possessed stiffens ξηραίνεται he becomes stiff 9:18 (Theocr. 24, 61 ξηρὸν ὑπαὶ δείους=stiff with fright. Similarly Psellus p. 212, 6).
    ③ to become dry and therefore be ready for harvesting, be ripe, pass. of grain Rv 14:15.—DELG s.v. ξηρός. M-M.

    Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά παλαιοχριστιανική Λογοτεχνία > ξηραίνω

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